I already extended my DCF77 clock to decode minutes and hours. The newest version decodes days, months and years as well. It also takes care of summer and winter time as well as leap seconds. Thus I can not just advance the decoders as I used to do in the older version of the clock. Instead I have to check for the flags and the length of the months. Below is the important part of these changes.
The principle is basically the same as for the hours and minutes. The only special thing is that different months have different lengths.
//
// www.blinkenlight.net
//
// Copyright 2013 Udo Klein
//
// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
// GNU General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
// along with this program. If not, see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/
namespace Debug {
void debug_helper(char data);
void bcddigit(uint8_t data);
void bcddigits(uint8_t data);
}
namespace Hamming {
typedef struct {
uint8_t lock_max;
uint8_t noise_max;
} lock_quality_t;
}
namespace BCD {
typedef union {
struct {
uint8_t lo:4;
uint8_t hi:4;
} digit;
struct {
uint8_t b0:1;
uint8_t b1:1;
uint8_t b2:1;
uint8_t b3:1;
uint8_t b4:1;
uint8_t b5:1;
uint8_t b6:1;
uint8_t b7:1;
} bit;
uint8_t val;
} bcd_t;
void increment(bcd_t &value);
bcd_t int_to_bcd(const uint8_t value);
uint8_t bcd_to_int(const uint8_t value);
}
typedef union {
struct {
uint8_t b0:2;
uint8_t b1:2;
uint8_t b2:2;
uint8_t b3:2;
} signal;
uint8_t byte;
} tData;
namespace DCF77 {
const uint8_t long_tick = 3;
const uint8_t short_tick = 2;
const uint8_t undefined = 1;
const uint8_t sync_mark = 0;
typedef struct {
BCD::bcd_t year; // 0..99
BCD::bcd_t month; // 1..12
BCD::bcd_t day; // 1..31
BCD::bcd_t weekday; // Mo = 1, So = 7
BCD::bcd_t hour; // 0..23
BCD::bcd_t minute; // 0..59
uint8_t second; // 0..60
bool uses_summertime : 1; // false -> wintertime, true, summertime
bool uses_backup_antenna : 1; // typically false
bool timezone_change_scheduled : 1;
bool leap_second_scheduled : 1;
bool undefined_minute_output : 1;
bool undefined_uses_summertime_output : 1;
bool undefined_uses_backup_antenna_output : 1;
bool undefined_timezone_change_scheduled_output : 1;
} time_data;
}
namespace DCF77_Encoder {
void reset(DCF77::time_data &now);
void advance_second(DCF77::time_data &now);
void autoset_control_bits(DCF77::time_data &now);
uint8_t get_current_signal(const DCF77::time_data &now);
void debug(const DCF77::time_data &clock);
void debug(const DCF77::time_data &clock, const uint16_t cycles);
// Bit Bezeichnung Wert Pegel Bedeutung
// 0 M 0 Minutenanfang (
// 1..14 n/a reserviert
// 15 R Reserveantenne aktiv (0 inaktiv, 1 aktiv)
// 16 A1 Ankündigung Zeitzonenwechsel (1 Stunde vor dem Wechsel für 1 Stunde, d.h ab Minute 1)
// 17 Z1 2 Zeitzonenbit Sommerzeit (MEZ = 0, MESZ = 1); also Zeitzone = UTC + 2*Z1 + Z2
// 18 Z2 1 Zeitzonenbit Winterzeit (MEZ = 1, MESZ = 0); also Zeitzone = UTC + 2*Z1 + Z2
// 19 A2 Ankündigung einer Schaltsekunde (1 Stunde vor der Schaltsekunde für 1 Stunde, d.h. ab Minute 1)
// 20 S 1 Startbit für Zeitinformation
// 21 1 Minuten 1er
// 22 2 Minuten 2er
// 23 4 Minuten 4er
// 24 8 Minuten 8er
// 25 10 Minuten 10er
// 26 20 Minuten 20er
// 27 40 Minuten 40er
// 28 P1 Prüfbit 1 (gerade Parität)
// 29 1 Stunden 1er
// 30 2 Stunden 2er
// 31 4 Stunden 4er
// 32 8 Stunden 8er
// 33 10 Stunden 10er
// 34 20 Stunden 20er
// 35 P2 Prüfbit 2 (gerade Parität)
// 36 1 Tag 1er
// 37 2 Tag 2er
// 38 4 Tag 4er
// 39 8 Tag 8er
// 40 10 Tag 10er
// 41 20 Tag 20er
// 42 1 Wochentag 1er (Mo = 1, Di = 2, Mi = 3,
// 43 2 Wochentag 2er (Do = 4, Fr = 5, Sa = 6,
// 44 4 Wochentag 4er (So = 7)
// 45 1 Monat 1er
// 46 2 Monat 2er
// 47 4 Monat 4er
// 48 8 Monat 8er
// 49 10 Monat 10er
// 50 1 Jahr 1er
// 51 2 Jahr 2er
// 52 4 Jahr 4er
// 53 8 Jahr 8er
// 54 10 Jahr 10er
// 55 20 Jahr 20er
// 56 40 Jahr 40er
// 57 80 Jahr 80er
// 58 P3 Prüftbit 3 (gerade Parität)
// 59 sync Sync Marke, kein Impuls (übliches Minutenende)
// 59 0 Schaltsekunde (sehr selten, nur nach Ankündigung)
// 60 sync Sync Marke, kein Impuls (nur nach Schaltsekunde)
// Falls eine Schaltsekunde eingefügt wird, wird bei Bit 59 eine Sekundenmarke gesendet.
// Der Syncimpuls erfolgt dann in Sekunde 60 statt 59. Üblicherweise wird eine 0 als Bit 59 gesendet
// Üblicherweise springt die Uhr beim Wechsel Winterzeit nach Sommerzeit von 1:59:59 auf 3:00:00
// beim Wechsel Sommerzeit nach Winterzeit von 2:59:59 auf 2:00:00
// Die Zeitinformation wird immer 1 Minute im Vorraus übertragen. D.h. nach der Syncmarke hat
// man die aktuelle Zeit
// http://www.dcf77logs.de/SpecialFiles.aspx
// Schaltsekunden werden in Deutschland von der Physikalisch-Technischen Bundesanstalt festgelegt,
// die allerdings dazu nur die international vom International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems
// Service (IERS) festgelegten Schaltsekunden übernimmt. Im Mittel sind Schaltsekunden etwa alle 18
// Monate nötig und werden vorrangig am 31. Dezember oder 30. Juni, nachrangig am 31. März oder
// 30. September nach 23:59:59 UTC (also vor 1:00 MEZ bzw. 2:00 MESZ) eingefügt. Seit der Einführung
// des Systems 1972 wurden ausschließlich die Zeitpunkte im Dezember und Juni benutzt.
}
namespace DCF77_Naive_Bitstream_Decoder {
void set_bit(const uint8_t second, const uint8_t value, DCF77::time_data &now);
}
namespace DCF77_Flag_Decoder {
void setup();
void process_tick(const uint8_t current_second, const uint8_t tick_value);
void reset_after_previous_hour();
void reset_before_new_day();
bool get_uses_summertime();
bool get_uses_backup_antenna();
bool get_timezone_change_scheduled();
bool get_leap_second_scheduled();
void debug();
}
namespace DCF77_Year_Decoder {
void setup();
void process_tick(const uint8_t current_second, const uint8_t tick_value);
void advance_year();
BCD::bcd_t get_year();
void get_quality(Hamming::lock_quality_t &lock_quality);
void debug();
}
namespace DCF77_Month_Decoder {
void setup();
void process_tick(const uint8_t current_second, const uint8_t tick_value);
void advance_month();
BCD::bcd_t get_month();
void get_quality(Hamming::lock_quality_t &lock_quality);
void debug();
}
namespace DCF77_Day_Decoder {
void setup();
void process_tick(const uint8_t current_second, const uint8_t tick_value);
void advance_day();
BCD::bcd_t get_day();
void get_quality(Hamming::lock_quality_t &lock_quality);
void debug();
}
namespace DCF77_Weekday_Decoder {
void setup();
void process_tick(const uint8_t current_second, const uint8_t tick_value);
void advance_weekday();
BCD::bcd_t get_weekday();
void get_quality(Hamming::lock_quality_t &lock_quality);
void debug();
}
namespace DCF77_Hour_Decoder {
void setup();
void process_tick(const uint8_t current_second, const uint8_t tick_value);
void advance_hour();
BCD::bcd_t get_hour();
void get_quality(Hamming::lock_quality_t &lock_quality);
void debug();
}
namespace DCF77_Minute_Decoder {
void setup();
void process_tick(const uint8_t current_second, const uint8_t tick_value);
void advance_minute();
BCD::bcd_t get_minute();
void debug();
}
namespace DCF77_Second_Decoder {
void setup();
void process_single_tick_data(const uint8_t tick_data);
uint8_t get_second();
void get_quality(Hamming::lock_quality_t &lock_quality);
void debug();
}
namespace DCF77_Clock_Controller {
void setup();
void process_single_tick_data(const uint8_t tick_data);
void flush();
typedef void (*flush_handler)(const DCF77::time_data &decoded_time);
void default_handler(const DCF77::time_data &decoded_time);
void set_flush_handler(const flush_handler output_handler);
typedef Hamming::lock_quality_t lock_quality_t;
typedef struct {
struct {
uint32_t lock_max;
uint32_t noise_max;
} phase;
lock_quality_t second;
lock_quality_t minute;
lock_quality_t hour;
lock_quality_t weekday;
lock_quality_t day;
lock_quality_t month;
lock_quality_t year;
uint8_t uses_summertime_quality;
uint8_t timezone_change_scheduled_quality;
uint8_t leap_second_scheduled_quality;
} clock_quality_t;
void get_quality(clock_quality_t &clock_quality);
// blocking, will unblock at the start of the second
void get_current_time(DCF77::time_data &now);
}
namespace DCF77_Demodulator {
void setup();
void detector(const uint8_t sampled_data);
void get_quality(uint32_t &lock_max, uint32_t &noise_max);
void get_noise_indicator(uint32_t &noise_indicator);
void debug();
}
namespace Debug {
void debug_helper(char data) { Serial.print(data == 0? 'S': data == 1? '?': data - 2 + '0', 0); }
void bcddigit(uint8_t data) {
if (data <= 0x09) {
Serial.print(data, HEX);
} else {
Serial.print('?');
}
}
void bcddigits(uint8_t data) {
bcddigit(data >> 4);
bcddigit(data & 0xf);
}
}
namespace BCD {
void increment(bcd_t &value) {
if (value.digit.lo < 9) {
++value.digit.lo;
} else {
value.digit.lo = 0;
if (value.digit.hi < 9) {
++value.digit.hi;
} else {
value.digit.hi = 0;
}
}
}
bcd_t int_to_bcd(const uint8_t value) {
const uint8_t hi = value / 10;
bcd_t result;
result.digit.hi = hi;
result.digit.lo = value-10*hi;
return result;
}
uint8_t bcd_to_int(const bcd_t value) {
return value.digit.lo + 10*value.digit.hi;
}
}
namespace Arithmetic_Tools {
template <uint8_t N> inline void bounded_increment(uint8_t &value) __attribute__((always_inline));
template <uint8_t N>
void bounded_increment(uint8_t &value) {
if (value >= 255 - N) { value = 255; } else { value += N; }
}
template <uint8_t N> inline void bounded_decrement(uint8_t &value) __attribute__((always_inline));
template <uint8_t N>
void bounded_decrement(uint8_t &value) {
if (value <= N) { value = 0; } else { value -= N; }
}
inline void bounded_add(uint8_t &value, const uint8_t amount) __attribute__((always_inline));
void bounded_add(uint8_t &value, const uint8_t amount) {
if (value >= 255-amount) { value = 255; } else { value += amount; }
}
inline void bounded_sub(uint8_t &value, const uint8_t amount) __attribute__((always_inline));
void bounded_sub(uint8_t &value, const uint8_t amount) {
if (value <= amount) { value = 0; } else { value -= amount; }
}
inline uint8_t bit_count(const uint8_t value) __attribute__((always_inline));
uint8_t bit_count(const uint8_t value) {
const uint8_t tmp1 = (value & 0b01010101) + ((value>>1) & 0b01010101);
const uint8_t tmp2 = (tmp1 & 0b00110011) + ((tmp1>>2) & 0b00110011);
return (tmp2 & 0x0f) + (tmp2>>4);
}
inline uint8_t parity(const uint8_t value) __attribute__((always_inline));
uint8_t parity(const uint8_t value) {
uint8_t tmp = value;
tmp = (tmp & 0xf) ^ (tmp >> 4);
tmp = (tmp & 0x3) ^ (tmp >> 2);
tmp = (tmp & 0x1) ^ (tmp >> 1);
return tmp;
}
}
namespace Hamming {
template <uint8_t significant_bits>
void score (uint8_t &bin, const BCD::bcd_t input, const BCD::bcd_t candidate) {
using namespace Arithmetic_Tools;
const uint8_t the_score = significant_bits - bit_count(input.val ^ candidate.val);
bounded_add(bin, the_score);
}
template <typename bins_t>
void advance_tick(bins_t &bins) {
const uint8_t number_of_bins = sizeof(bins.data) / sizeof(bins.data[0]);
if (bins.tick < number_of_bins - 1) {
++bins.tick;
} else {
bins.tick = 0;
}
}
template <typename bins_type, uint8_t significant_bits, bool with_parity>
void hamming_binning(bins_type &bins, const BCD::bcd_t input) {
using namespace Arithmetic_Tools;
using namespace BCD;
const uint8_t number_of_bins = sizeof(bins.data) / sizeof(bins.data[0]);
if (bins.max > 255-significant_bits) {
// If we know we can not raise the maximum any further we
// will lower the noise floor instead.
for (uint8_t bin_index = 0; bin_index <number_of_bins; ++bin_index) {
bounded_decrement<significant_bits>(bins.data[bin_index]);
}
bins.max -= significant_bits;
bounded_decrement<significant_bits>(bins.noise_max);
}
const uint8_t offset = number_of_bins-1-bins.tick;
uint8_t bin_index = offset;
// for minutes, hours have parity and start counting at 0
// for days, weeks, month we have no parity and start counting at 1
// for years we have no parity and start counting at 0
bcd_t candidate;
candidate.val = (with_parity || number_of_bins == 100)? 0x00: 0x01;
for (uint8_t pass=0; pass < number_of_bins; ++pass) {
if (with_parity) {
candidate.bit.b7 = parity(candidate.val);
score<significant_bits>(bins.data[bin_index], input, candidate);
candidate.bit.b7 = 0;
} else {
score<significant_bits>(bins.data[bin_index], input, candidate);
}
bin_index = bin_index < number_of_bins-1? bin_index+1: 0;
increment(candidate);
}
}
template <typename bins_t>
void compute_max_index(bins_t &bins) {
const uint8_t number_of_bins = sizeof(bins.data) / sizeof(bins.data[0]);
bins.noise_max = 0;
bins.max = 0;
bins.max_index = 255;
for (uint8_t index = 0; index < number_of_bins; ++index) {
const uint8_t bin_data = bins.data[index];
if (bin_data >= bins.max) {
bins.noise_max = bins.max;
bins.max = bin_data;
bins.max_index = index;
} else if (bin_data > bins.noise_max) {
bins.noise_max = bin_data;
}
}
}
template <typename bins_t>
void setup(bins_t &bins) {
const uint8_t number_of_bins = sizeof(bins.data) / sizeof(bins.data[0]);
for (uint8_t index = 0; index < number_of_bins; ++index) {
bins.data[index] = 0;
}
bins.tick = 0;
bins.max = 0;
bins.max_index = 255;
bins.noise_max = 0;
}
template <typename bins_t>
BCD::bcd_t get_time_value(const bins_t &bins) {
// there is a trade off involved here:
// low threshold --> lock will be detected earlier
// low threshold --> if lock is not clean output will be garbled
// a proper lock will fix the issue
// the question is: which start up behaviour do we prefer?
const uint8_t threshold = 2;
const uint8_t number_of_bins = sizeof(bins.data) / sizeof(bins.data[0]);
const uint8_t offset = (number_of_bins == 60 || number_of_bins == 24 || number_of_bins == 100)? 0x00: 0x01;
if (bins.max-bins.noise_max >= threshold) {
return BCD::int_to_bcd((bins.max_index + bins.tick + 1) % number_of_bins + offset);
} else {
BCD::bcd_t undefined;
undefined.val = 0xff;
return undefined;
}
}
template <typename bins_t>
void get_quality(const bins_t bins, Hamming::lock_quality_t &lock_quality) {
lock_quality.lock_max = bins.max;
lock_quality.noise_max = bins.noise_max;
}
template <typename bins_t>
void debug (const bins_t &bins) {
const uint8_t number_of_bins = sizeof(bins.data) / sizeof(bins.data[0]);
const bool uses_integrals = sizeof(bins.max) == 4;
Serial.print(get_time_value(bins).val, HEX);
Serial.print(F(" Tick: "));
Serial.print(bins.tick);
Serial.print(F(" Quality: "));
Serial.print(bins.max, DEC);
Serial.print('-');
Serial.print(bins.noise_max, DEC);
Serial.print(F(" Max Index: "));
Serial.print(bins.max_index, DEC);
Serial.print('>');
for (uint8_t index = 0; index < number_of_bins; ++index) {
if (index == bins.max_index ||
(!uses_integrals && index == (bins.max_index+1) % number_of_bins) ||
(uses_integrals && (index == (bins.max_index+10) % number_of_bins ||
(index == (bins.max_index+20) % number_of_bins)))) {
Serial.print('|');
}
Serial.print(bins.data[index],HEX);
}
Serial.println();
}
}
namespace DCF77_Encoder {
using namespace DCF77;
inline uint8_t days_per_month(const DCF77::time_data &now) __attribute__((always_inline));
uint8_t days_per_month(const DCF77::time_data &now) {
switch (now.month.val) {
case 0x02:
// valid till 31.12.2399
// notice year mod 4 == year & 0x03
return 28 + ((now.year.val != 0) && ((bcd_to_int(now.year) & 0x03) == 0)? 1: 0);
case 0x01: case 0x03: case 0x05: case 0x07: case 0x08: case 0x10: case 0x12: return 31;
case 0x04: case 0x06: case 0x09: case 0x11: return 30;
default: return 0;
}
}
void reset(DCF77::time_data &now) {
now.second = 0;
now.minute.val = 0x00;
now.hour.val = 0x00;
now.day.val = 0x01;
now.month.val = 0x01;
now.year.val = 0x00;
now.weekday.val = 0x01;
now.uses_summertime = false;
now.uses_backup_antenna = false;
now.timezone_change_scheduled = false;
now.leap_second_scheduled = false;
now.undefined_minute_output = false;
now.undefined_uses_summertime_output = false;
now.undefined_uses_backup_antenna_output = false;
now.undefined_timezone_change_scheduled_output = false;
}
uint8_t weekday(const DCF77::time_data &now) { // attention: sunday will be ==0 instead of 7
using namespace BCD;
if (now.day.val <= 0x31 && now.month.val <= 0x12 && now.year.val <= 0x99) {
// This will compute the weekday for each year in 2001-2099.
// If you really plan to use my code beyond 2099 take care of this
// on your own. My assumption is that it is even unclear if DCF77
// would still persist then.
// http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gau%C3%9Fsche_Wochentagsformel
const uint8_t d = bcd_to_int(now.day);
const uint16_t m = now.month.val <= 0x02? now.month.val + 10:
bcd_to_int(now.month) - 2;
const uint8_t y = bcd_to_int(now.year) - (now.month.val <= 0x02);
// m must be of type uint16_t otherwise this will compute crap
uint8_t day_mod_7 = d + (26*m - 2)/10 + y + y/4;
// We exploit 8 mod 7 = 1
while (day_mod_7 >= 7) {
day_mod_7 -= 7;
day_mod_7 = (day_mod_7 >> 3) + (day_mod_7 & 7);
}
return day_mod_7; // attention: sunday will be == 0 instead of 7
} else {
return 0xff;
}
}
void autoset_weekday(DCF77::time_data &now) {
now.weekday.val = weekday(now);
if (now.weekday.val == 0) { now.weekday.val = 7; }
}
void autoset_timezone(DCF77::time_data &now) {
// timezone change may only happen at the last sunday of march / october
// the last sunday is always somewhere in [25-31]
if (now.month.val < 0x03) {
now.uses_summertime = false;
} else
if (now.month.val == 0x03) {
if (now.day.val < 0x25) {
now.uses_summertime = false;
} else
if (uint8_t wd = weekday(now)) {
if (now.day.val - wd < 0x25) {
now.uses_summertime = false;
} else {
now.uses_summertime = true;
}
} else { // last sunday of march
now.uses_summertime = (now.hour.val > 2);
}
} else
if (now.month.val < 0x10) {
now.uses_summertime = true;
} else
if (now.month.val == 0x10) {
if (now.day.val < 0x25) {
now.uses_summertime = true;
} else
if (uint8_t wd = weekday(now)) {
if (now.day.val - wd < 0x25) {
now.uses_summertime = true;
} else {
now.uses_summertime = false;
}
} else { // last sunday of october
if (now.hour.val == 2) {
// can not derive the flag from time data
// this is the only time the flag is derived
// from the flag vector
} else {
now.uses_summertime = (now.hour.val < 2);
}
}
} else { // (now.month >= 0x10)
now.uses_summertime = false;
}
}
void autoset_timezone_change_scheduled(DCF77::time_data &now) {
// summer/wintertime change will always happen
// at clearly defined hours
// http://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/sozv/__2.html
// in doubt have a look here: http://www.dcf77logs.de/
if (now.day.val < 0x25 || weekday(now) != 0) {
// timezone change may only happen at the last sunday of march / october
// the last sunday is always somewhere in [25-31]
// notice that undefined (==0xff) day/weekday data will not cause any action
now.timezone_change_scheduled = false;
} else {
if (now.month.val == 0x03) {
if (now.uses_summertime) {
now.timezone_change_scheduled = (now.hour.val == 0x03 && now.minute.val == 0x00); // wintertime to summertime, preparing first minute of summertime
} else {
now.timezone_change_scheduled = (now.hour.val == 0x01 && now.minute.val != 0x00); // wintertime to summertime
}
} else if (now.month.val == 0x10) {
if (now.uses_summertime) {
now.timezone_change_scheduled = (now.hour.val == 0x02 && now.minute.val != 0x00); // summertime to wintertime
} else {
now.timezone_change_scheduled = (now.hour.val == 0x02 && now.minute.val == 0x00); // summertime to wintertime, preparing first minute of wintertime
}
} else if (now.month.val <= 0x12) {
now.timezone_change_scheduled = false;
}
}
}
void verify_leap_second_scheduled(DCF77::time_data &now) {
// If day or month are unknown we default to "no leap second" because this is alway a very good guess.
// If we do not know for sure we are either acquiring a lock right now --> we will easily recover from a wrong guess
// or we have very noisy data --> the leap second bit is probably noisy as well --> we should assume the most likely case
now.leap_second_scheduled &= (now.day.val == 0x01);
// leap seconds will always happen at 00:00 UTC == 01:00 CET == 02:00 CEST
if (now.month.val == 0x01) {
now.leap_second_scheduled &= ((now.hour.val == 0x00 && now.minute.val != 0x00) ||
(now.hour.val == 0x01 && now.minute.val == 0x00));
} else if (now.month.val == 0x07 || now.month.val == 0x04 || now.month.val == 0x10) {
now.leap_second_scheduled &= ((now.hour.val == 0x01 && now.minute.val != 0x00) ||
(now.hour.val == 0x02 && now.minute.val == 0x00));
} else {
now.leap_second_scheduled = false;
}
}
void autoset_control_bits(DCF77::time_data &now) {
autoset_weekday(now);
autoset_timezone(now);
autoset_timezone_change_scheduled(now);
// we can not compute leap seconds, we can only verify if they might happen
verify_leap_second_scheduled(now);
}
void advance_second(DCF77::time_data &now) {
// in case some value is out of range it will not be advanced
// this is on purpose
if (now.second < 59) {
++now.second;
if (now.second == 15) {
autoset_control_bits(now);
}
} else if (now.leap_second_scheduled && now.second == 59 && now.minute.val == 0x00) {
now.second = 60;
now.leap_second_scheduled = false;
} else if (now.second == 59 || now.second == 60) {
now.second = 0;
if (now.minute.val < 0x59) {
increment(now.minute);
} else if (now.minute.val == 0x59) {
now.minute.val = 0x00;
// in doubt have a look here: http://www.dcf77logs.de/
if (now.timezone_change_scheduled && !now.uses_summertime && now.hour.val == 0x01) {
// Wintertime --> Summertime happens at 01:00 UTC == 02:00 CET == 03:00 CEST,
// the clock must be advanced from 01:59 CET to 03:00 CEST
increment(now.hour);
increment(now.hour);
now.uses_summertime = true;
} else if (now.timezone_change_scheduled && now.uses_summertime && now.hour.val == 0x02) {
// Summertime --> Wintertime happens at 01:00 UTC == 02:00 CET == 03:00,
// the clock must be advanced from 02:59 CEST to 02:00 CET
now.uses_summertime = false;
} else {
if (now.hour.val < 0x23) {
increment(now.hour);
} else if (now.hour.val == 0x23) {
now.hour.val = 0x00;
if (now.weekday.val < 0x07) {
increment(now.weekday);
} else if (now.weekday.val == 0x07) {
now.weekday.val = 0x01;
}
if (bcd_to_int(now.day) < days_per_month(now)) {
increment(now.day);
} else if (bcd_to_int(now.day) == days_per_month(now)) {
now.day.val = 0x01;
if (now.month.val < 0x12) {
increment(now.month);
} else if (now.month.val == 0x12) {
now.month.val = 0x01;
if (now.year.val < 0x99) {
increment(now.year);
} else if (now.year.val == 0x99) {
now.year.val = 0x00;
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
uint8_t get_current_signal(const DCF77::time_data &now) {
using namespace Arithmetic_Tools;
if (now.second >= 1 && now.second <= 14) {
// weather data or other stuff we can not compute
return undefined;
}
bool result;
switch (now.second) {
case 0: // start of minute
return short_tick;
case 15:
if (now.undefined_uses_backup_antenna_output) { return undefined; }
result = now.uses_backup_antenna; break;
case 16:
if (now.undefined_timezone_change_scheduled_output) { return undefined; }
result = now.timezone_change_scheduled; break;
case 17:
if (now.undefined_uses_summertime_output) {return undefined; }
result = now.uses_summertime; break;
case 18:
if (now.undefined_uses_summertime_output) {return undefined; }
result = !now.uses_summertime; break;
case 19:
result = now.leap_second_scheduled; break;
case 20: // start of time information
return long_tick;
case 21:
if (now.undefined_minute_output || now.minute.val > 0x59) { return undefined; }
result = now.minute.digit.lo & 0x1; break;
case 22:
if (now.undefined_minute_output || now.minute.val > 0x59) { return undefined; }
result = now.minute.digit.lo & 0x2; break;
case 23:
if (now.undefined_minute_output || now.minute.val > 0x59) { return undefined; }
result = now.minute.digit.lo & 0x4; break;
case 24:
if (now.undefined_minute_output || now.minute.val > 0x59) { return undefined; }
result = now.minute.digit.lo & 0x8; break;
case 25:
if (now.undefined_minute_output || now.minute.val > 0x59) { return undefined; }
result = now.minute.digit.hi & 0x1; break;
case 26:
if (now.undefined_minute_output || now.minute.val > 0x59) { return undefined; }
result = now.minute.digit.hi & 0x2; break;
case 27:
if (now.undefined_minute_output || now.minute.val > 0x59) { return undefined; }
result = now.minute.digit.hi & 0x4; break;
case 28:
if (now.undefined_minute_output || now.minute.val > 0x59) { return undefined; }
result = parity(now.minute.val); break;
case 29:
if (now.hour.val > 0x23) { return undefined; }
result = now.hour.digit.lo & 0x1; break;
case 30:
if (now.hour.val > 0x23) { return undefined; }
result = now.hour.digit.lo & 0x2; break;
case 31:
if (now.hour.val > 0x23) { return undefined; }
result = now.hour.digit.lo & 0x4; break;
case 32:
if (now.hour.val > 0x23) { return undefined; }
result = now.hour.digit.lo & 0x8; break;
case 33:
if (now.hour.val > 0x23) { return undefined; }
result = now.hour.digit.hi & 0x1; break;
case 34:
if (now.hour.val > 0x23) { return undefined; }
result = now.hour.digit.hi & 0x2; break;
case 35:
if (now.hour.val > 0x23) { return undefined; }
result = parity(now.hour.val); break;
case 36:
if (now.day.val > 0x31) { return undefined; }
result = now.day.digit.lo & 0x1; break;
case 37:
if (now.day.val > 0x31) { return undefined; }
result = now.day.digit.lo & 0x2; break;
case 38:
if (now.day.val > 0x31) { return undefined; }
result = now.day.digit.lo & 0x4; break;
case 39:
if (now.day.val > 0x31) { return undefined; }
result = now.day.digit.lo & 0x8; break;
case 40:
if (now.day.val > 0x31) { return undefined; }
result = now.day.digit.hi & 0x1; break;
case 41:
if (now.day.val > 0x31) { return undefined; }
result = now.day.digit.hi & 0x2; break;
case 42:
if (now.weekday.val > 0x7) { return undefined; }
result = now.weekday.val & 0x1; break;
case 43:
if (now.weekday.val > 0x7) { return undefined; }
result = now.weekday.val & 0x2; break;
case 44:
if (now.weekday.val > 0x7) { return undefined; }
result = now.weekday.val & 0x4; break;
case 45:
if (now.month.val > 0x12) { return undefined; }
result = now.month.digit.lo & 0x1; break;
case 46:
if (now.month.val > 0x12) { return undefined; }
result = now.month.digit.lo & 0x2; break;
case 47:
if (now.month.val > 0x12) { return undefined; }
result = now.month.digit.lo & 0x4; break;
case 48:
if (now.month.val > 0x12) { return undefined; }
result = now.month.digit.lo & 0x8; break;
case 49:
if (now.month.val > 0x12) { return undefined; }
result = now.month.digit.hi & 0x1; break;
case 50:
if (now.year.val > 0x99) { return undefined; }
result = now.year.digit.lo & 0x1; break;
case 51:
if (now.year.val > 0x99) { return undefined; }
result = now.year.digit.lo & 0x2; break;
case 52:
if (now.year.val > 0x99) { return undefined; }
result = now.year.digit.lo & 0x4; break;
case 53:
if (now.year.val > 0x99) { return undefined; }
result = now.year.digit.lo & 0x8; break;
case 54:
if (now.year.val > 0x99) { return undefined; }
result = now.year.digit.hi & 0x1; break;
case 55:
if (now.year.val > 0x99) { return undefined; }
result = now.year.digit.hi & 0x2; break;
case 56:
if (now.year.val > 0x99) { return undefined; }
result = now.year.digit.hi & 0x4; break;
case 57:
if (now.year.val > 0x99) { return undefined; }
result = now.year.digit.hi & 0x8; break;
case 58:
if (now.weekday.val > 0x07 ||
now.day.val > 0x31 ||
now.month.val > 0x12 ||
now.year.val > 0x99) { return undefined; }
result = parity(now.month.digit.lo) ^
parity(now.month.digit.hi) ^
parity(now.month.digit.lo) ^
parity(now.month.digit.hi) ^
parity(now.weekday.val) ^
parity(now.year.digit.lo) ^
parity(now.year.digit.hi); break;
case 59:
// special handling for leap seconds
if (now.leap_second_scheduled && now.minute.val == 0) { result = 0; break; }
// standard case: fall through to "sync_mark"
case 60:
return sync_mark;
default:
return undefined;
}
return result? long_tick: short_tick;
}
void debug(const DCF77::time_data &clock) {
using namespace Debug;
Serial.print(F(" "));
bcddigits(clock.year.val);
Serial.print('.');
bcddigits(clock.month.val);
Serial.print('.');
bcddigits(clock.day.val);
Serial.print('(');
bcddigit(clock.weekday.val);
Serial.print(',');
bcddigit(weekday(clock));
Serial.print(')');
bcddigits(clock.hour.val);
Serial.print(':');
bcddigits(clock.minute.val);
Serial.print(':');
if (clock.second < 10) {
Serial.print('0');
}
Serial.print(clock.second, DEC);
if (clock.uses_summertime) {
Serial.print(F(" MESZ "));
} else {
Serial.print(F(" MEZ "));
}
if (clock.leap_second_scheduled) {
Serial.print(F("leap second scheduled"));
}
if (clock.timezone_change_scheduled) {
Serial.print(F("time zone change scheduled"));
}
}
void debug(const DCF77::time_data &clock, const uint16_t cycles) {
DCF77::time_data local_clock = clock;
DCF77::time_data decoded_clock;
Serial.print(F("M ?????????????? RAZZA S mmmmMMMP hhhhHHP ddddDD www mmmmM yyyyYYYYP S"));
for (uint16_t second = 0; second < cycles; ++second) {
switch (local_clock.second) {
case 0: Serial.println(); break;
case 1: case 15: case 20: case 21: case 29:
case 36: case 42: case 45: case 50: case 59: Serial.print(' ');
}
const uint8_t tick_data = get_current_signal(local_clock);
Debug::debug_helper(tick_data);
DCF77_Naive_Bitstream_Decoder::set_bit(local_clock.second, tick_data, decoded_clock);
advance_second(local_clock);
if (local_clock.second == 0) {
debug(decoded_clock);
}
}
Serial.println();
Serial.println();
}
}
namespace DCF77_Naive_Bitstream_Decoder {
using namespace DCF77;
void set_bit(const uint8_t second, const uint8_t value, DCF77::time_data &now) {
// The naive value is a way to guess a value for unclean decoded data.
// It is obvious that this is not necessarily a good value but better
// than nothing.
const uint8_t naive_value = (value == long_tick ||
value == undefined)? 1: 0;
const uint8_t is_value_bad = value != long_tick &&
value != short_tick;
now.second = second;
switch (second) {
case 15: now.uses_backup_antenna = naive_value; break;
case 16: now.timezone_change_scheduled = naive_value; break;
case 17:
now.uses_summertime = naive_value;
now.undefined_uses_summertime_output = is_value_bad;
break;
case 18:
if (now.uses_summertime == naive_value) {
// if values of bit 17 and 18 match we will enforce a mapping
if (!is_value_bad) {
now.uses_summertime = !naive_value;
}
}
now.undefined_uses_summertime_output = false;
break;
case 19:
// leap seconds are seldom, in doubt we assume none is scheduled
now.leap_second_scheduled = naive_value && !is_value_bad;
break;
case 20:
// start to decode minute data
now.minute.val = 0x00;
now.undefined_minute_output = false;
break;
case 21: now.minute.val += naive_value; break;
case 22: now.minute.val += 0x2*naive_value; break;
case 23: now.minute.val += 0x4*naive_value; break;
case 24: now.minute.val += 0x8*naive_value; break;
case 25: now.minute.val += 0x10*naive_value; break;
case 26: now.minute.val += 0x20*naive_value; break;
case 27: now.minute.val += 0x40*naive_value; break;
case 28: now.hour.val = 0; break;
case 29: now.hour.val += naive_value; break;
case 30: now.hour.val += 0x2*naive_value; break;
case 31: now.hour.val += 0x4*naive_value; break;
case 32: now.hour.val += 0x8*naive_value; break;
case 33: now.hour.val += 0x10*naive_value; break;
case 34: now.hour.val += 0x20*naive_value; break;
case 35:
now.day.val = 0x00;
now.month.val = 0x00;
now.year.val = 0x00;
now.weekday.val = 0x00;
break;
case 36: now.day.val += naive_value; break;
case 37: now.day.val += 0x2*naive_value; break;
case 38: now.day.val += 0x4*naive_value; break;
case 39: now.day.val += 0x8*naive_value; break;
case 40: now.day.val += 0x10*naive_value; break;
case 41: now.day.val += 0x20*naive_value; break;
case 42: now.weekday.val += naive_value; break;
case 43: now.weekday.val += 0x2*naive_value; break;
case 44: now.weekday.val += 0x4*naive_value; break;
case 45: now.month.val += naive_value; break;
case 46: now.month.val += 0x2*naive_value; break;
case 47: now.month.val += 0x4*naive_value; break;
case 48: now.month.val += 0x8*naive_value; break;
case 49: now.month.val += 0x10*naive_value; break;
case 50: now.year.val += naive_value; break;
case 51: now.year.val += 0x2*naive_value; break;
case 52: now.year.val += 0x4*naive_value; break;
case 53: now.year.val += 0x8*naive_value; break;
case 54: now.year.val += 0x10*naive_value; break;
case 55: now.year.val += 0x20*naive_value; break;
case 56: now.year.val += 0x40*naive_value; break;
case 57: now.year.val += 0x80*naive_value; break;
}
}
}
namespace DCF77_Flag_Decoder {
bool uses_backup_antenna;
int8_t timezone_change_scheduled;
int8_t uses_summertime;
int8_t leap_second_scheduled;
int8_t date_parity;
void setup() {
uses_summertime = 0;
uses_backup_antenna = 0;
timezone_change_scheduled = 0;
leap_second_scheduled = 0;
date_parity = 0;
}
void cummulate(int8_t &average, bool count_up) {
if (count_up) {
average += (average < 127);
} else {
average -= (average > -127);
}
}
void process_tick(const uint8_t current_second, const uint8_t tick_value) {
switch (current_second) {
case 15: uses_backup_antenna = tick_value; break;
case 16: cummulate(timezone_change_scheduled, tick_value); break;
case 17: cummulate(uses_summertime, tick_value); break;
case 18: cummulate(uses_summertime, 1-tick_value); break;
case 19: cummulate(leap_second_scheduled, tick_value); break;
case 58: cummulate(date_parity, tick_value); break;
}
}
void reset_after_previous_hour() {
// HH := hh+1
// timezone_change_scheduled will be set from hh:01 to HH:00
// leap_second_scheduled will be set from hh:01 to HH:00
if (timezone_change_scheduled) {
timezone_change_scheduled = 0;
uses_summertime -= uses_summertime;
}
leap_second_scheduled = 0;
}
void reset_before_new_day() {
// date_parity will stay the same 00:00-23:59
date_parity = 0;
}
bool get_uses_summertime() {
return uses_summertime > 0;
}
bool get_uses_backup_antenna() {
return uses_backup_antenna;
}
bool get_timezone_change_scheduled() {
return timezone_change_scheduled > 0;
}
bool get_leap_second_scheduled() {
return leap_second_scheduled > 0;
}
void get_quality(uint8_t &uses_summertime_quality,
uint8_t &timezone_change_scheduled_quality,
uint8_t &leap_second_scheduled_quality) {
uses_summertime_quality = abs(uses_summertime);
timezone_change_scheduled_quality = abs(timezone_change_scheduled);
leap_second_scheduled_quality = abs(leap_second_scheduled);
}
void debug() {
Serial.print(F("Backup Antenna, TZ change, TZ, Leap scheduled, Date parity: "));
Serial.print(uses_backup_antenna, BIN);
Serial.print(',');
Serial.print(timezone_change_scheduled, DEC);
Serial.print(',');
Serial.print(uses_summertime, DEC);
Serial.print(',');
Serial.print(leap_second_scheduled, DEC);
Serial.print(',');
Serial.println(date_parity, DEC);
}
}
namespace DCF77_Year_Decoder {
const uint8_t years_per_century = 100;
typedef struct {
uint8_t data[years_per_century];
uint8_t tick;
uint8_t noise_max;
uint8_t max;
uint8_t max_index;
} year_bins;
year_bins bins;
void advance_year() {
Hamming::advance_tick(bins);
}
void process_tick(const uint8_t current_second, const uint8_t tick_value) {
using namespace Hamming;
static BCD::bcd_t year_data;
switch (current_second) {
case 50: year_data.val += tick_value; break;
case 51: year_data.val += 0x2*tick_value; break;
case 52: year_data.val += 0x4*tick_value; break;
case 53: year_data.val += 0x8*tick_value; break;
case 54: year_data.val += 0x10*tick_value; break;
case 55: year_data.val += 0x20*tick_value; break;
case 56: year_data.val += 0x20*tick_value; break;
case 57: year_data.val += 0x80*tick_value;
hamming_binning<year_bins, 8, false>(bins, year_data); break;
case 58: compute_max_index(bins);
// fall through on purpose
default: year_data.val = 0;
}
}
void get_quality(Hamming::lock_quality_t &lock_quality) {
Hamming::get_quality(bins, lock_quality);
}
BCD::bcd_t get_year() {
return Hamming::get_time_value(bins);
}
void setup() {
Hamming::setup(bins);
}
void debug() {
Serial.print(F("Year: "));
Hamming::debug(bins);
}
}
namespace DCF77_Month_Decoder {
const uint8_t months_per_year = 12;
typedef struct {
uint8_t data[months_per_year];
uint8_t tick;
uint8_t noise_max;
uint8_t max;
uint8_t max_index;
} month_bins;
month_bins bins;
void advance_month() {
Hamming::advance_tick(bins);
}
void process_tick(const uint8_t current_second, const uint8_t tick_value) {
using namespace Hamming;
static BCD::bcd_t month_data;
switch (current_second) {
case 45: month_data.val += tick_value; break;
case 46: month_data.val += 0x2*tick_value; break;
case 47: month_data.val += 0x4*tick_value; break;
case 48: month_data.val += 0x8*tick_value; break;
case 49: month_data.val += 0x10*tick_value;
hamming_binning<month_bins, 5, false>(bins, month_data); break;
case 50: compute_max_index(bins);
// fall through on purpose
default: month_data.val = 0;
}
}
void get_quality(Hamming::lock_quality_t &lock_quality) {
Hamming::get_quality(bins, lock_quality);
}
BCD::bcd_t get_month() {
return Hamming::get_time_value(bins);
}
void setup() {
Hamming::setup(bins);
}
void debug() {
Serial.print(F("Month: "));
Hamming::debug(bins);
}
}
namespace DCF77_Weekday_Decoder {
const uint8_t weekdays_per_week = 7;
typedef struct {
uint8_t data[weekdays_per_week];
uint8_t tick;
uint8_t noise_max;
uint8_t max;
uint8_t max_index;
} weekday_bins;
weekday_bins bins;
void advance_weekday() {
Hamming::advance_tick(bins);
}
void process_tick(const uint8_t current_second, const uint8_t tick_value) {
using namespace Hamming;
static BCD::bcd_t weekday_data;
switch (current_second) {
case 42: weekday_data.val += tick_value; break;
case 43: weekday_data.val += 0x2*tick_value; break;
case 44: weekday_data.val += 0x4*tick_value;
hamming_binning<weekday_bins, 3, false>(bins, weekday_data); break;
case 45: compute_max_index(bins);
// fall through on purpose
default: weekday_data.val = 0;
}
}
void get_quality(Hamming::lock_quality_t &lock_quality) {
Hamming::get_quality(bins, lock_quality);
}
BCD::bcd_t get_weekday() {
return Hamming::get_time_value(bins);
}
void setup() {
Hamming::setup(bins);
}
void debug() {
Serial.print(F("Weekday: "));
Hamming::debug(bins);
}
}
namespace DCF77_Day_Decoder {
const uint8_t days_per_month = 31;
typedef struct {
uint8_t data[days_per_month];
uint8_t tick;
uint8_t noise_max;
uint8_t max;
uint8_t max_index;
} day_bins;
day_bins bins;
void advance_day() {
Hamming::advance_tick(bins);
}
void process_tick(const uint8_t current_second, const uint8_t tick_value) {
using namespace Hamming;
static BCD::bcd_t day_data;
switch (current_second) {
case 36: day_data.val += tick_value; break;
case 37: day_data.val += 0x2*tick_value; break;
case 38: day_data.val += 0x4*tick_value; break;
case 39: day_data.val += 0x8*tick_value; break;
case 40: day_data.val += 0x10*tick_value; break;
case 41: day_data.val += 0x20*tick_value;
hamming_binning<day_bins, 6, false>(bins, day_data); break;
case 42: compute_max_index(bins);
// fall through on purpose
default: day_data.val = 0;
}
}
void get_quality(Hamming::lock_quality_t &lock_quality) {
Hamming::get_quality(bins, lock_quality);
}
BCD::bcd_t get_day() {
return Hamming::get_time_value(bins);
}
void setup() {
Hamming::setup(bins);
}
void debug() {
Serial.print(F("Day: "));
Hamming::debug(bins);
}
}
namespace DCF77_Hour_Decoder {
const uint8_t hours_per_day = 24;
typedef struct {
uint8_t data[hours_per_day];
uint8_t tick;
uint8_t noise_max;
uint8_t max;
uint8_t max_index;
} hour_bins;
hour_bins bins;
void advance_hour() {
Hamming::advance_tick(bins);
}
void process_tick(const uint8_t current_second, const uint8_t tick_value) {
using namespace Hamming;
static BCD::bcd_t hour_data;
switch (current_second) {
case 29: hour_data.val += tick_value; break;
case 30: hour_data.val += 0x2*tick_value; break;
case 31: hour_data.val += 0x4*tick_value; break;
case 32: hour_data.val += 0x8*tick_value; break;
case 33: hour_data.val += 0x10*tick_value; break;
case 34: hour_data.val += 0x20*tick_value; break;
case 35: hour_data.val += 0x80*tick_value; // Parity !!!
hamming_binning<hour_bins, 7, true>(bins, hour_data); break;
case 36: compute_max_index(bins);
// fall through on purpose
default: hour_data.val = 0;
}
}
void get_quality(Hamming::lock_quality_t &lock_quality) {
Hamming::get_quality(bins, lock_quality);
}
BCD::bcd_t get_hour() {
return Hamming::get_time_value(bins);
}
void setup() {
Hamming::setup(bins);
}
void debug() {
Serial.print(F("Hour: "));
Hamming::debug(bins);
}
}
namespace DCF77_Minute_Decoder {
const uint8_t minutes_per_hour = 60;
typedef struct {
uint8_t data[minutes_per_hour];
uint8_t tick;
uint8_t noise_max;
uint8_t max;
uint8_t max_index;
} minute_bins;
minute_bins bins;
void advance_minute() {
Hamming::advance_tick(bins);
}
void process_tick(const uint8_t current_second, const uint8_t tick_value) {
using namespace Hamming;
static BCD::bcd_t minute_data;
switch (current_second) {
case 21: minute_data.val += tick_value; break;
case 22: minute_data.val += 0x2*tick_value; break;
case 23: minute_data.val += 0x4*tick_value; break;
case 24: minute_data.val += 0x8*tick_value; break;
case 25: minute_data.val += 0x10*tick_value; break;
case 26: minute_data.val += 0x20*tick_value; break;
case 27: minute_data.val += 0x40*tick_value; break;
case 28: minute_data.val += 0x80*tick_value; // Parity !!!
hamming_binning<minute_bins, 8, true>(bins, minute_data); break;
case 29: compute_max_index(bins);
// fall through on purpose
default: minute_data.val = 0;
}
}
void setup() {
Hamming::setup(bins);
}
void get_quality(Hamming::lock_quality_t &lock_quality) {
Hamming::get_quality(bins, lock_quality);
}
BCD::bcd_t get_minute() {
return Hamming::get_time_value(bins);
}
void debug() {
Serial.print(F("Minute: "));
Hamming::debug(bins);
}
}
namespace DCF77_Second_Decoder {
using namespace DCF77;
const uint8_t seconds_per_minute = 60;
// this is a trick threshold
// lower it to get a faster second lock
// but then risk to garble the successive stages during startup
// --> to low and total startup time will increase
const uint8_t lock_threshold = 12;
typedef struct {
uint8_t data[seconds_per_minute];
uint8_t tick;
uint8_t noise_max;
uint8_t max;
uint8_t max_index;
} sync_bins;
sync_bins bins;
void sync_mark_binning(const uint8_t tick_data) {
// We use a binning approach to find out the proper phase.
// The goal is to localize the sync_mark. Due to noise
// there may be wrong marks of course. The idea is to not
// only look at the statistics of the marks but to exploit
// additional data properties:
// Bit position 0 after a proper sync is a 0.
// Bit position 20 after a proper sync is a 1.
// The binning will work as follows:
// 1) A sync mark will score +6 points for the current bin
// it will also score -2 points for the previous bin
// -2 points for the following bin
// and -2 points 20 bins later
// In total this will ensure that a completely lost signal
// will not alter the buffer state (on average)
// 2) A 0 will score +1 point for the previous bin
// it also scores -2 point 20 bins back
// and -2 points for the current bin
// 3) A 1 will score +1 point 20 bins back
// it will also score -2 point for the previous bin
// and -2 points for the current bin
// 4) An undefined value will score -2 point for the current bin
// -2 point for the previous bin
// -2 point 20 bins back
// 5) Scores have an upper limit of 255 and a lower limit of 0.
// Summary: sync mark earns 6 points, a 0 in position 0 and a 1 in position 20 earn 1 bonus point
// anything that allows to infer that any of the "connected" positions is not a sync will remove 2 points
// It follows that the score of a sync mark (during good reception)
// may move up/down the whole scale in slightly below 64 minutes.
// If the receiver should glitch for whatever reason this implies
// that the clock will take about 33 minutes to recover the proper
// phase (during phases of good reception). During bad reception things
// are more tricky.
using namespace Arithmetic_Tools;
const uint8_t previous_tick = bins.tick>0? bins.tick-1: seconds_per_minute-1;
const uint8_t previous_21_tick = bins.tick>20? bins.tick-21: bins.tick + seconds_per_minute-21;
switch (tick_data) {
case sync_mark:
bounded_increment<6>(bins.data[bins.tick]);
bounded_decrement<2>(bins.data[previous_tick]);
bounded_decrement<2>(bins.data[previous_21_tick]);
{ const uint8_t next_tick = bins.tick< seconds_per_minute-1? bins.tick+1: 0;
bounded_decrement<2>(bins.data[next_tick]); }
break;
case short_tick:
bounded_increment<1>(bins.data[previous_tick]);
bounded_decrement<2>(bins.data[bins.tick]);
bounded_decrement<2>(bins.data[previous_21_tick]);
break;
case long_tick:
bounded_increment<1>(bins.data[previous_21_tick]);
bounded_decrement<2>(bins.data[bins.tick]);
bounded_decrement<2>(bins.data[previous_tick]);
break;
case undefined:
default:
bounded_decrement<2>(bins.data[bins.tick]);
bounded_decrement<2>(bins.data[previous_tick]);
bounded_decrement<2>(bins.data[previous_21_tick]);
}
bins.tick = bins.tick<seconds_per_minute-1? bins.tick+1: 0;
// determine sync lock
if (bins.max - bins.noise_max <=lock_threshold ||
get_second() == 3) {
// after a lock is acquired this happens only once per minute and it is
// reasonable cheap to process,
//
// that is: after we have a "lock" this will be processed whenever
// the sync mark was detected
Hamming::compute_max_index(bins);
}
}
void get_quality(Hamming::lock_quality_t &lock_quality) {
Hamming::get_quality(bins, lock_quality);
}
uint8_t get_second() {
if (bins.max - bins.noise_max >= lock_threshold) {
// at least one sync mark and a 0 and a 1 seen
// the threshold is tricky:
// higher --> takes longer to acquire an initial lock, but higher probability of an accurate lock
//
// lower --> higher probability that the lock will oscillate at the beginning
// and thus spoil the downstream stages
// we have to subtract 2 seconds
// 1 because the seconds already advanced by 1 tick
// 1 because the sync mark is not second 0 but second 59
uint8_t second = 2*seconds_per_minute + bins.tick - 2 - bins.max_index;
while (second >= seconds_per_minute) { second-= seconds_per_minute; }
return second;
} else {
return 0xff;
}
}
void process_single_tick_data(const uint8_t tick_data) {
sync_mark_binning(tick_data);
}
void setup() {
Hamming::setup(bins);
}
void debug() {
static uint8_t prev_tick;
if (prev_tick == bins.tick) {
return;
} else {
prev_tick = bins.tick;
Serial.print(F("second: "));
Serial.print(get_second(), DEC);
Serial.print(F(" Sync mark index "));
Hamming::debug(bins);
Serial.println();
}
}
}
namespace DCF77_Clock_Controller {
uint8_t leap_second = 0;
flush_handler output_handler = 0;
DCF77::time_data decoded_time;
volatile bool second_toggle;
void get_current_time(DCF77::time_data &now) {
for (bool stopper = second_toggle; stopper == second_toggle; ) {
// wait for second_toggle to toggle
// that is wait for decoded time to be ready
}
now = decoded_time;
}
void set_DCF77_encoder(DCF77::time_data &now) {
using namespace DCF77_Second_Decoder;
using namespace DCF77_Minute_Decoder;
using namespace DCF77_Hour_Decoder;
using namespace DCF77_Weekday_Decoder;
using namespace DCF77_Day_Decoder;
using namespace DCF77_Month_Decoder;
using namespace DCF77_Year_Decoder;
using namespace DCF77_Flag_Decoder;
now.second = get_second();
now.minute = get_minute();
now.hour = get_hour();
now.weekday = get_weekday();
now.day = get_day();
now.month = get_month();
now.year = get_year();
now.uses_backup_antenna = get_uses_backup_antenna();
now.timezone_change_scheduled = get_timezone_change_scheduled();
now.uses_summertime = get_uses_summertime();
now.leap_second_scheduled = get_leap_second_scheduled();
}
void flush() {
// this is called at the end of each second / before the next second begins
// it is most interesting to propagate this further at the end of a sync marks
// it is also interesting to propagate this to reference clocks
DCF77::time_data now;
DCF77::time_data now_1;
set_DCF77_encoder(now);
now_1 = now;
// leap_second offset to compensate for the skipped second tick
now.second += leap_second > 0;
DCF77_Encoder::advance_second(now);
DCF77_Encoder::autoset_control_bits(now);
decoded_time.second = now.second;
if (now.second == 0) {
// the decoder will always decode the data for the NEXT minute
// thus we have to keep the data of the previous minute
decoded_time = now_1;
decoded_time.second = 0;
if (now.minute.val == 0x01) {
// We are at the last moment of the "old" hour.
// The data for the first minute of the new hour is now complete.
// The point is that we can reset the flags only now.
DCF77_Flag_Decoder::reset_after_previous_hour();
now.uses_summertime = DCF77_Flag_Decoder::get_uses_summertime();
now.timezone_change_scheduled = DCF77_Flag_Decoder::get_timezone_change_scheduled();
now.leap_second_scheduled = DCF77_Flag_Decoder::get_leap_second_scheduled();
DCF77_Encoder::autoset_control_bits(now);
decoded_time.uses_summertime = now.uses_summertime;
decoded_time.timezone_change_scheduled = now.timezone_change_scheduled;
decoded_time.leap_second_scheduled = now.leap_second_scheduled;
decoded_time.uses_backup_antenna = DCF77_Flag_Decoder::get_uses_backup_antenna();
}
if (now.hour.val == 0x23 && now.minute.val == 0x59) {
// We are now starting to process the data for the
// new day. Thus the parity flag is of little use anymore.
// We could be smarter though and merge synthetic parity information with measured historic values.
// that is: advance(now), see if parity changed, if not so --> fine, otherwise change sign of flag
DCF77_Flag_Decoder::reset_before_new_day();
}
// reset leap second
leap_second &= leap_second < 2;
}
second_toggle = !second_toggle;
if (output_handler) {
output_handler(decoded_time);
}
}
void set_flush_handler(const flush_handler new_output_handler) {
output_handler = new_output_handler;
}
void get_quality(clock_quality_t &clock_quality) {
DCF77_Demodulator::get_quality(clock_quality.phase.lock_max, clock_quality.phase.noise_max);
DCF77_Second_Decoder::get_quality(clock_quality.second);
DCF77_Minute_Decoder::get_quality(clock_quality.minute);
DCF77_Hour_Decoder::get_quality(clock_quality.hour);
DCF77_Day_Decoder::get_quality(clock_quality.day);
DCF77_Weekday_Decoder::get_quality(clock_quality.weekday);
DCF77_Month_Decoder::get_quality(clock_quality.month);
DCF77_Year_Decoder::get_quality(clock_quality.year);
DCF77_Flag_Decoder::get_quality(clock_quality.uses_summertime_quality,
clock_quality.timezone_change_scheduled_quality,
clock_quality.leap_second_scheduled_quality);
}
void setup() {
DCF77_Second_Decoder::setup();
DCF77_Minute_Decoder::setup();
DCF77_Hour_Decoder::setup();
DCF77_Day_Decoder::setup();
DCF77_Weekday_Decoder::setup();
DCF77_Month_Decoder::setup();
DCF77_Year_Decoder::setup();
DCF77_Encoder::reset(decoded_time);
}
void process_single_tick_data(const uint8_t tick_data) {
using namespace DCF77;
using namespace DCF77_Second_Decoder;
using namespace DCF77_Minute_Decoder;
using namespace DCF77_Hour_Decoder;
using namespace DCF77_Weekday_Decoder;
using namespace DCF77_Day_Decoder;
using namespace DCF77_Month_Decoder;
using namespace DCF77_Year_Decoder;
using namespace DCF77_Flag_Decoder;
time_data now;
set_DCF77_encoder(now);
now.second += leap_second;
DCF77_Encoder::advance_second(now);
// leap_second == 2 indicates that we are in the 2nd second of the leap second handling
leap_second <<= 1;
// leap_second == 1 indicates that we now process second 59 but not the expected sync mark
leap_second += (now.second == 59 && DCF77_Encoder::get_current_signal(now) != sync_mark);
if (leap_second != 1) {
DCF77_Second_Decoder::process_single_tick_data(tick_data);
if (now.second == 0) {
DCF77_Minute_Decoder::advance_minute();
if (now.minute.val == 0x00) {
// "while" takes automatically care of timezone change
while (get_hour().val <= 0x23 && get_hour().val != now.hour.val) { advance_hour(); }
if (now.hour.val == 0x00) {
if (get_weekday().val <= 0x07) { advance_weekday(); }
// "while" takes automatically care if different month lengths
while (get_day().val <= 0x31 && get_day().val != now.day.val) { advance_day(); }
if (now.day.val == 0x01) {
if (get_month().val <= 0x12) { advance_month(); }
if (now.month.val == 0x01) {
if (now.year.val <= 0x99) { advance_year(); }
}
}
}
}
}
const uint8_t tick_value = (tick_data == long_tick || tick_data == undefined)? 1: 0;
DCF77_Flag_Decoder::process_tick(now.second, tick_value);
DCF77_Minute_Decoder::process_tick(now.second, tick_value);
DCF77_Hour_Decoder::process_tick(now.second, tick_value);
DCF77_Weekday_Decoder::process_tick(now.second, tick_value);
DCF77_Day_Decoder::process_tick(now.second, tick_value);
DCF77_Month_Decoder::process_tick(now.second, tick_value);
DCF77_Year_Decoder::process_tick(now.second, tick_value);
}
}
}
namespace DCF77_Demodulator {
using namespace DCF77;
const uint8_t bin_count = 100;
typedef struct {
uint16_t data[bin_count];
uint8_t tick;
uint32_t noise_max;
uint32_t max;
uint8_t max_index;
} phase_bins;
phase_bins bins;
const uint16_t samples_per_second = 1000;
const uint16_t samples_per_bin = samples_per_second / bin_count;
const uint16_t bins_per_10ms = bin_count / 100;
const uint16_t bins_per_50ms = 5 * bins_per_10ms;
const uint16_t bins_per_60ms = 6 * bins_per_10ms;
const uint16_t bins_per_100ms = 10 * bins_per_10ms;
const uint16_t bins_per_200ms = 20 * bins_per_10ms;
const uint16_t bins_per_500ms = 50 * bins_per_10ms;
void setup() {
Hamming::setup(bins);
DCF77_Clock_Controller::setup();
}
void decode_220ms(const uint8_t input, const uint8_t bins_to_go) {
// will be called for each bin during the "interesting" 220ms
static uint8_t count = 0;
static uint8_t decoded_data = 0;
count += input;
if (bins_to_go >= bins_per_100ms + bins_per_10ms) {
if (bins_to_go == bins_per_100ms + bins_per_10ms) {
decoded_data = count > bins_per_50ms? 2: 0;
count = 0;
}
} else {
if (bins_to_go == 0) {
decoded_data += count > bins_per_50ms? 1: 0;
count = 0;
// pass control further
// decoded_data: 3 --> 1
// 2 --> 0,
// 1 --> undefined,
// 0 --> sync_mark
DCF77_Clock_Controller::process_single_tick_data(decoded_data);
}
}
}
uint16_t wrap(const uint16_t value) {
// faster modulo function which avoids division
uint16_t result = value;
while (result >= bin_count) {
result-= bin_count;
}
return result;
}
void phase_detection() {
// We will compute the integrals over 200ms.
// The integrals is used to find the window of maximum signal strength.
uint32_t integral = 0;
for (uint16_t bin = 0; bin < bins_per_100ms; ++bin) {
integral += ((uint32_t)bins.data[bin])<<1;
}
for (uint16_t bin = bins_per_100ms; bin < bins_per_200ms; ++bin) {
integral += (uint32_t)bins.data[bin];
}
bins.max = 0;
bins.max_index = 0;
for (uint16_t bin = 0; bin < bin_count; ++bin) {
if (integral > bins.max) {
bins.max = integral;
bins.max_index = bin;
}
integral -= (uint32_t)bins.data[bin]<<1;
integral += (uint32_t)(bins.data[wrap(bin + bins_per_100ms)] + bins.data[wrap(bin + bins_per_200ms)]);
}
// max_index indicates the position of the 200ms second signal window.
// Now how can we estimate the noise level? This is very tricky because
// averaging has already happened to some extend.
// The issue is that most of the undesired noise happens around the signal,
// especially after high->low transitions. So as an approximation of the
// noise I test with a phase shift of 200ms.
bins.noise_max = 0;
const uint16_t noise_index = wrap(bins.max_index + bins_per_200ms);
for (uint16_t bin = 0; bin < bins_per_100ms; ++bin) {
bins.noise_max += ((uint32_t)bins.data[wrap(noise_index + bin)])<<1;
}
for (uint16_t bin = bins_per_100ms; bin < bins_per_200ms; ++bin) {
bins.noise_max += (uint32_t)bins.data[wrap(noise_index + bin)];
}
}
uint8_t phase_binning(const uint8_t input) {
// how many seconds may be cummulated
// this controls how slow the filter may be to follow a phase drift
// N times the clock precision shall be smaller 1
// clock 30 ppm => N < 300
const uint16_t N = 300;
Hamming::advance_tick(bins);
if (input) {
if (bins.data[bins.tick] < N) {
++bins.data[bins.tick];
}
} else {
if (bins.data[bins.tick] > 0) {
--bins.data[bins.tick];
}
}
return bins.tick;
}
void detector_stage_2(const uint8_t input) {
const uint8_t current_bin = bins.tick;
const uint8_t threshold = 30;
if (bins.max-bins.noise_max < threshold ||
wrap(bin_count + current_bin - bins.max_index) == 53) {
// Phase detection far enough out of phase from anything that
// might consume runtime otherwise.
phase_detection();
}
static uint8_t bins_to_process = 0;
if (bins_to_process == 0) {
if (wrap((bin_count + current_bin - bins.max_index)) <= bins_per_100ms || // current_bin at most 100ms after phase_bin
wrap((bin_count + bins.max_index - current_bin)) <= bins_per_10ms ) { // current bin at most 10ms before phase_bin
// if phase bin varies to much during one period we will always be screwed in may ways...
// last 10ms of current second
DCF77_Clock_Controller::flush();
// start processing of bins
bins_to_process = bins_per_200ms + 2*bins_per_10ms;
}
}
if (bins_to_process > 0) {
--bins_to_process;
// this will be called for each bin in the "interesting" 220ms
// this is also a good place for a "monitoring hook"
decode_220ms(input, bins_to_process);
}
}
void detector(const uint8_t sampled_data) {
static uint8_t current_sample = 0;
static uint8_t average = 0;
// detector stage 0: average 10 samples (per bin)
average += sampled_data;
if (++current_sample >= samples_per_bin) {
// once all samples for the current bin are captured the bin gets updated
// that is each 10ms control is passed to stage 1
const uint8_t input = (average> samples_per_bin/2);
phase_binning(input);
detector_stage_2(input);
average = 0;
current_sample = 0;
}
}
void get_quality(uint32_t &lock_max, uint32_t &noise_max) {
lock_max = bins.max;
noise_max = bins.noise_max;
}
void debug() {
Serial.print(F("Phase: "));
Hamming::debug(bins);
}
}
const uint8_t dcf77_sample_pin = 19; // A5
const uint8_t dcf77_analog_sample_pin = 5;
const uint8_t dcf77_monitor_pin = 18;
void process_one_sample() {
// The Blinkenlight LEDs will cut off the input signal
// below a logical high. This is due to the weak
// output signal of the DCF module.
// Hence for the Blinkenlighty
// and the Blinkenlight shield we can not use
// digitalRead.
// Comment the line below if you are not using this code with a
// Blinkenlighty or Blinkenlight shield.
const uint8_t sampled_data = analogRead(dcf77_analog_sample_pin)>200? 1: 0;
// Uncomment the line below if you are using this code with a standard Arduino
//const uint8_t sampled_data = digitalRead(dcf77_sample_pin);
digitalWrite(dcf77_monitor_pin, sampled_data);
DCF77_Demodulator::detector(sampled_data);
}
ISR(TIMER2_COMPA_vect) {
process_one_sample();
}
void initTimer2() {
// Timer 2 CTC mode, prescaler 64
TCCR2B = (0<<WGM22) | (1<<CS22);
TCCR2A = (1<<WGM21) | (0<<WGM20);
// 249 + 1 == 250 == 250 000 / 1000 = (16 000 000 / 64) / 1000
OCR2A = 249;
// enable Timer 2 interrupts
TIMSK2 = (1<<OCIE2A);
}
void stopTimer0() {
// ensure that the standard timer interrupts will not
// mess with msTimer2
TIMSK0 = 0;
}
void setup() {
using namespace DCF77_Encoder;
Serial.begin(115200);
Serial.println();
pinMode(dcf77_monitor_pin, OUTPUT);
pinMode(dcf77_sample_pin, INPUT);
digitalWrite(dcf77_sample_pin, HIGH);
DCF77_Demodulator::setup();
stopTimer0();
initTimer2();
}
void loop() {
DCF77::time_data now;
DCF77_Clock_Controller::get_current_time(now);
if (now.second <= 60) {
Serial.println();
Serial.print(F("Decoded time: "));
DCF77_Encoder::debug(now);
}
DCF77_Clock_Controller::clock_quality_t clock_quality;
DCF77_Clock_Controller::get_quality(clock_quality);
Serial.print(F("Quality (p,s,m,h,wd,d,m,y,st,tz,ls): "));
Serial.print('(');
Serial.print(clock_quality.phase.lock_max, DEC);
Serial.print('-');
Serial.print(clock_quality.phase.noise_max, DEC);
Serial.print(')');
Serial.print('(');
Serial.print(clock_quality.second.lock_max, DEC);
Serial.print('-');
Serial.print(clock_quality.second.noise_max, DEC);
Serial.print(')');
Serial.print('(');
Serial.print(clock_quality.minute.lock_max, DEC);
Serial.print('-');
Serial.print(clock_quality.minute.noise_max, DEC);
Serial.print(')');
Serial.print('(');
Serial.print(clock_quality.hour.lock_max, DEC);
Serial.print('-');
Serial.print(clock_quality.hour.noise_max, DEC);
Serial.print(')');
Serial.print('(');
Serial.print(clock_quality.weekday.lock_max, DEC);
Serial.print('-');
Serial.print(clock_quality.weekday.noise_max, DEC);
Serial.print(')');
Serial.print('(');
Serial.print(clock_quality.day.lock_max, DEC);
Serial.print('-');
Serial.print(clock_quality.day.noise_max, DEC);
Serial.print(')');
Serial.print('(');
Serial.print(clock_quality.month.lock_max, DEC);
Serial.print('-');
Serial.print(clock_quality.month.noise_max, DEC);
Serial.print(')');
Serial.print('(');
Serial.print(clock_quality.year.lock_max, DEC);
Serial.print('-');
Serial.print(clock_quality.year.noise_max, DEC);
Serial.print(')');
Serial.print(clock_quality.uses_summertime_quality, DEC);
Serial.print(',');
Serial.print(clock_quality.timezone_change_scheduled_quality, DEC);
Serial.print(',');
Serial.println(clock_quality.leap_second_scheduled_quality, DEC);
/**/
//Serial.println();
//DCF77_Demodulator::debug();
//DCF77_Year_Decoder::debug();
//DCF77_Month_Decoder::debug();
//DCF77_Day_Decoder::debug();
//DCF77_Weekday_Decoder::debug();
//DCF77_Hour_Decoder::debug();
//DCF77_Minute_Decoder::debug();
//DCF77_Second_Decoder::debug();
//DCF77_Flag_Decoder::debug();
}
Blinkenlight 
A great project and w a y, w a y over my capability!
Living in Sweden I still have to accept that the range of DCF is close to the limit & therefore I would like to update a RTC a couple of times a day/week/month depending on the quality / rate of contact with DCF.
Its easy enough to make a snapshot of LastTimeOfContact to measure how long time has passed since last fix.
But how would you go about to rate the quality of your contact between local clock DCF?
Just looking at the flags?
Regards/Magnus
Good question. This is actually the next part of my project. Just wait and see 😉 The idea will be to use a finite state machine to keep track of the clock. That is: if the decoders are good sync from DCF77. As long as at least the phase can be locked stick at least to the DCF77 phase. If everything fails stick to the local clock. If the phase can be recaptured and the last sync was not far in the past and the phase difference is small enough sync to the phase. Otherwise sync only if all decoders are good. This is basically what I will be implementing for the next article.
I will also assess different receivers and antennas. What I can already say: if you have poor reception you just need a better (=bigger) antenna. This makes a huge difference. Howver the receiver assessment has to wait till the software is completely finished.
Damn you, write faster! 😉
Regards/M
Do you have a DCF77 module? Or do you have at least a manufactured DCF77 clock? If so, do you get at least a faint signal? Or at least a faint signal sometimes? If so, would you be willing to experiment a little bit with simple antenna designs? All you would need would be some meters of copper wire and a soldering iron. I can not conduct such experiments under reality conditions as the signal strength in Germany is usually OK. So I am adressing only noise. But if you would be willing to test I would help you design a better antenna and cover this in my blog as well. I would be really interested to see how my clock software performs in Sweden.
BTW: where are you located in Sweden?
I do have a DCF-clock bought from:http://www.fact4ward.com together with 2 DCF 100 mm ferrite antennas. The clock had little problem in receiving DCF77, but the METEOTIME never worked really well.
My thought was to improve the reception on the commercial clock (which also have a HK-chip, enabling METEOTIME reception) while waiting on your project. Then buy a CM6005-chip from fact4ward, which supposedly contain a HK-chip and somehow marrying all of it together with a RTC (http://shop.evilmadscientist.com/productsmenu/partsmenu/159-chronodot).
The thought of receiving swiss weather forecast and german time from a german transmitter, was for me a definition of pure precision. 😉
Unfortunately, after soldering out a crappy ferrite antenna and replacing it with the customized one from fact4ward, the clock went completely dead.
To answer your question, I live i Stockholm & I would be happy to improve my sorry-ass soldering capability by testing your antennas.
Regards/Magnus
2 jun 201322 kl. 15:07 skrev Blinkenlight :
> >
According to http://www.dcf77.de/ you should get >100 uV/m. Thus reception should be possible even with cheap DCF77 clocks. So it is not surprise that DCF77 decoding works pretty well. The meteotime vs. DCF77 reception issue is easy to explain. Most commercial clocks will sync to DCF77 is they can decode the time consistently for 3 minutes in a row. Any clean period of 3 minutes is enough. From then on they run their local clock and sync every once in a while (depending on the specific implementation). Once synced everything is fine if the signal can be received at least every once in a while.
For meteotime things are different. The meteotime datagram is send 3 times in a row and then the next datagram (for a different location) is send. If there is anything wrong in these 3 minutes then there is no way to infer the proper data. No local clock will help.
In your case this boils down to figure out why this happens:
1) Signal to weak during the critical period you are interested in
2) Signal / Noise ratio to bad
3) Both
(1) Would be most easy to fix.
(3) Is worst. This would imply you need to get a better antenna and/or better demodulator.
But first we should figure out what is going on. What measurement equipment do you posess? Absolute minimum would be a cheap DCF77 demodulator / receiver + Arduino. Other measurement equipment like scope / DSO / frequency counter / frequency generator / dip meter … would be helpful of course. What do you have?
Hi, Magnus, here comes a few errors rapport from Visby (Gotland, Sweden): http://hobby.jaxasoft.se/reports.html. I live on the second floor one kilometer east from Center. I use 10 cm antenna and receiving module EM2S from HKW. My program, uses FreeRTOS and correlation approach suggest by Uno Klein.
Unfortunately all I have is à old soldering gun and à simpel volt/amp-meter. Anyway, that clock is history.
OK, at least a volt meter. Do you have an Arduino + some cheap DCF77 module? Smaller antenna preffered because if you have a large antenna we already know that it might work. Hopefully the signal in Sweden is to weak for a small antenna + cheap receiver.
cool project, but im doing something wrong.
i use a 2009 arduino and a conrad dcf77 module.
i tried your code above just to find out that it is 2 times the same code copied one after the other, so i deleted one half and it compiled.
after about 3-4 minutes i get a lock on seconds, and after 2 minutes more i get minutes and sometimes a date.
bit i took many minutes more as well.
the only thing which was correct in the 15+ tests i ran were the seconds.
the minutes and the date were always wrong.
im about 150km away from the dcf77 sender and “dumb” libraries work
so its working kind of.. ???
what am im doing wrong?
…eok
Thanks for pointing this out. I fixed the cut and paste mistake. Now there should be no more duplicate lines in the code. That it takes longer to decode the date is than the minutes and hours is expected. Depending on the noise level it may take much longer. But if the dumb libraries work it should get a lock within at most 15 minutes.
Can you put in the
DCF77_Year_Decoder::debug();
DCF77_Month_Decoder::debug();
DCF77_Day_Decoder::debug();
DCF77_Weekday_Decoder::debug();
DCF77_Hour_Decoder::debug();
part of the code? That is remove the double backslashes. Then it let it run for maybe 30 minutes and capture the output in the serial monitor? Please send me the log such that I can analyze what is going on.
i use the non inverted output of the conrad module. or do i have to use the inverted output?
but you wanted the debugging…
(yes its in the code.. the last lines of it!? thought you know whats in there. ;-))
so here you go…
(after about 15 min – real time 19:44:17 10.06.2013)
only the seconds and the summertime are correct
Decoded time: 00.02.10(1,5)00:14:17 MESZ Quality (p,s,m,h,wd,d,m,y,st,tz,ls): (1158-20)(101-43)(93-89)(109-83)(35-29)(81-79)(66-62)(122-114)2,17,16
Phase: 14 Tick: 56 Quality: 1158-20 Max Index: 57>00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000019A111114|1E202A2B2E2A2F352E2F|2C282921271F161414E|91000000000000000000000
Year: 0 Tick: 0 Quality: 122-114 Max Index: 99>|726C646A625C546A626C645E565C544E465C546A625C545A524C445A525C544E464C443E364C446A625C545A524C445A525C544E464C443E364C445A524C444A423C344A424C443E363C342E263C346A625C545A524C445A525C544E464C443E364C44|7A
Month: 2 Tick: 0 Quality: 66-62 Max Index: 0>|42|323E2E32223E2E3E2E323E
Day: 10 Tick: 0 Quality: 81-79 Max Index: 8>4F3F4F3F3F2F4F3F|51|4141314131312141314F3F3F2F3F2F2F1F3F2F41314F
Weekday: 1 Tick: 0 Quality: 35-29 Max Index: 6>|1D131D13D3|23
Hour: 0 Tick: 0 Quality: 109-83 Max Index: 23>|514D514D514D314F534D514D314D312D314F334D514D31|6D
Minute: 15 Tick: 18 Quality: 93-89 Max Index: 56>535155535355554F514B4F4B4B494D4D4B494B43454545454B494D49474749454B49494D4D474941434345454B4B4F4D4D4D4F4D53535557|5D|595553
second: 16 Sync mark index 27 Tick: 52 Quality: 101-43 Max Index: 34>5005014B002B0120F00C1C00001A20000051E0|65|19010F0B11111941BC01DB0A002
Backup Antenna, TZ change, TZ, Leap scheduled, Date parity: 0,-17,2,-16,-16
——————————————————–
(and here after about 30 min – real time 20:01:08 10.06.2013)
Decoded time: 00.02.10(1,5)00:31:08 MESZ Quality (p,s,m,h,wd,d,m,y,st,tz,ls): (1060-0)(162-74)(172-170)(223-167)(70-62)(167-163)(135-129)(253-234)4,33,33
Phase: 12 Tick: 55 Quality: 1060-0 Max Index: 56>0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000037BE1016|1A1D20292F3334322E30|2A2B241F16EC990|000000000000000000000000
Year: 0 Tick: 0 Quality: 253-234 Max Index: 99>|EADECBDCC9BDAADCC9E2CFC3B0C1AEA28FC1AEDCC9BDAABBA89C89BBA8C1AEA28FA08D816EA08DDCC9BDAABBA89C89BBA8C1AEA28FA08D816EA08DBBA89C899A877B689A87A08D816E7F6C604D7F6CDCC9BDAABBA89C89BBA8C1AEA28FA08D816EA08D|FD
Month: 2 Tick: 0 Quality: 135-129 Max Index: 0>|87|6681606A497D5C7D5C667D
Day: 10 Tick: 0 Quality: 167-163 Max Index: 8>A382A3828261A382|A7|868665866565448665A38282618261614082618665A3
Weekday: 1 Tick: 0 Quality: 70-62 Max Index: 6>|3E253E251D4|46
Hour: 0 Tick: 0 Quality: 223-167 Max Index: 23>|A7A1A3A1A39D65A3A5A3A59F679F676163A169A3A59F67|DF
Minute: 32 Tick: 35 Quality: 172-170 Max Index: 56>A09EA29E9A9EA09A9A96989694949698989898929496969496989E9A989A9C989C9C9CA2A6A4A4A0A2A0A2A2A4A4AAA6A2A4A4A0A4A4A2A6|AC|AAA4A2
second: 7 Sync mark index 18 Tick: 43 Quality: 162-74 Max Index: 34>0110001F0004A00021202E0002211C21015D08910|A2|71111A00060201627180183502502
Backup Antenna, TZ change, TZ, Leap scheduled, Date parity: 0,-33,4,-33,-27
hope you see what i am doing wrong, because you take so much effort and documentation in your code. it has to be better then this. 😉 it must be something i do wrong!
…eok
Whoa, I do not fully understand how this can happen. It looks like you connected the wrong output. The Conrad module supports both inverted and non inverted output. The thing that makes me wonder is how you could get a lock to the seconds with the wrong output. Strange. Would you please try the other output and show me the same dump with the new setup?
the inverted output gets no lock at all.
the seconds are too different. (thats why it is inverted) so the normal output i used 1st was the correct one.
but im puzzled myself, why can i get a clear lock on the seconds and nearly nothing at all on the rest?
im sure, the solution will be very simple and silly… but finding it will be not that easy i suppose.
im not much help, because your programming skills are way out of my reach.
so i suggest, if im the only one with problems i suppose its me. so i will try another library.
i dont think im the 1st who tried your code. and since there is no negative feedback, it has to be me. 😉
…
Well, I suggest the following. The next “release” is due end of this month. Let’s try the next version. If this still fails for you I would like to conduct an in depth analysis. I am always anoyed if my code does not work as expected. The point is: the next round gets some nice additions anyway and some structural fixes as well. It may very well be that whatever makes it fail with your module is then fixed anyway.
ok. 🙂
i keep an eye on your page and test the next release and let you know.
By now I have an idea what could have caused your strange results. Which Arduino model do you have? Especially: does it have a crystal or a resonator for its controller clock (attention: the Uno has a crystal on board but NOT for the controller clock).
If you are not sure: can you run https://blog.blinkenlight.net/experiments/dcf77/phase-detection/ with your setup and tell me the period length of the blinks of the led at pin 13? Attention: it will blink really sloooooooow with a duty cycle of 10%. So you may want to use a stopwatch or even better: video it and measure it in the recorded video.
Hello Udo,
I’ve exactly the same issue as eok and I’m using an Arduino 1 rev. 3 + a DCF77 receiver from Conrad (BN641138) what’s the clue? I’ve measured the blink with a stop watch and the time is roughly 4 seconds.
I forgot: great job, very valid approach to work with arduino + DCF77 receiver, I’m impressed 🙂
I still have no clue what it could be. However would you run this code with your setup and post the results of ~1000 seconds of recording?
//
// www.blinkenlight.net
//
// Copyright 2013 Udo Klein
//
// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
// GNU General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
// along with this program. If not, see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/
const uint8_t dcf77_analog_sample_pin = 5;
const uint8_t dcf77_sample_pin = A5; // == D19 for standard Arduinos
const uint8_t dcf77_inverted_samples = 1;
const uint8_t dcf77_analog_samples = 1;
const uint8_t dcf77_monitor_pin = A4; // == D18 for standard Arduinos
const uint8_t lower_output_pin = 2;
const uint8_t upper_output_pin = 17;
void stopTimer0() {
// ensure that the standard timer interrupts will not
// mess with msTimer2
TIMSK0 = 0;
}
ISR(TIMER2_COMPA_vect) {
process_one_sample();
}
void initTimer2() {
// Timer 2 CTC mode, prescaler 64
TCCR2B = (1<<WGM22) | (1<<CS22);
TCCR2A = (1<<WGM21);
// 249 + 1 == 250 == 250 000 / 1000 = (16 000 000 / 64) / 1000
OCR2A = 249;
// enable Timer 2 interrupts
TIMSK2 = (1< 200):
digitalRead(dcf77_sample_pin));
digitalWrite(dcf77_monitor_pin, sampled_data);
return sampled_data;
}
void led_display_signal(const uint8_t sample) {
static uint8_t ticks_per_cycle = 12;
static uint8_t rolling_pin = lower_output_pin;
static uint8_t counter = 0;
digitalWrite(rolling_pin, sample);
if (counter < ticks_per_cycle) {
++counter;
} else {
rolling_pin = rolling_pin < upper_output_pin? rolling_pin + 1: lower_output_pin;
counter = 1;
// toggle between 12 and 13 to get 12.5 on average
ticks_per_cycle = 25-ticks_per_cycle;
}
}
const uint16_t samples_per_second = 1000;
const uint8_t bins = 100;
const uint8_t samples_per_bin = samples_per_second / bins;
volatile uint8_t gbin[bins];
boolean samples_pending = false;
void process_one_sample() {
static uint8_t sbin[bins];
const uint8_t sample = sample_input_pin();
led_display_signal(sample);
static uint16_t ticks = 999; // first pass will init the bins
++ticks;
if (ticks == 1000) {
ticks = 0;
memcpy((void *)gbin, sbin, bins);
memset(sbin, 0, bins);
samples_pending = true;
}
sbin[ticks/samples_per_bin] += sample;
}
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
Serial.println();
pinMode(dcf77_sample_pin, INPUT);
digitalWrite(dcf77_sample_pin, HIGH);
pinMode(dcf77_monitor_pin, OUTPUT);
for (uint8_t pin = lower_output_pin; pin 0) - (value<0);
}
void loop() {
static int64_t count = 0;
uint8_t lbin[bins];
if (samples_pending) {
cli();
memcpy(lbin, (void *)gbin, bins);
samples_pending = false;
sei();
++count;
// ensure the count values will be aligned to the right
for (int32_t val=count; val < 100000000; val *= 10) {
Serial.print(' ');
}
Serial.print((int32_t)count);
Serial.print(", ");
for (uint8_t bin=0; bin<bins; ++bin) {
switch (lbin[bin]) {
case 0: Serial.print(bin%10? '-': '+'); break;
case 10: Serial.print('X'); break;
default: Serial.print(lbin[bin]);
}
}
Serial.println();
}
}
Udo, thanks for sharing professional stuff for free. I am using your DCF77 library with excellent results (the other was a nightmare). Forgive my ignorance, but how can I list the full DCF77 data stream, weather bits seems to be ignored by the library.
The weather bits are encrypted. I know how to decrypt them, but I do not fully understand the legal implications of publishing how to decrypt them. So I will neither publish this nor share the code in any way. If you really want me to provide such code there are two conditions:
1) You get written confirmation by a legal expert / lawyer who can explain in a way that I can understand why it would be acceptable under German law to publish the code and the key material.
2) You collect sufficient funding for me to mitigate the risk of getting into legal trouble for this. In particular I would want to have funding for at least two independent verifications of what you legal expert claims.
With regard to listing the data stream: the “swiss army debug helper” in mode “Ds” is your friend 🙂
Hi Udo,
Thank you for the reply.
I perfectly understand your argument.
Do you think double bit error correction is possible for the first 40 bits?
One bit error correction “seems” to give reliable results, but when 2 bits are changed, sometimes there is OK status for two different data streams.
Best regards.
What do you mean by “double bit error correction for the first 40 bits”? Can you please elaborate? In particular:
Which bit is the “first bit”? What is a “double error in your terms”? What do you mean with sometimes there is OK status for two different data streams? What did you, what did you get and why did it (or did not) fit your expectations?
Is it possible to apply error correction for the weather bits in case there a two wrong bits?